Then scientists will examine the antineutrinos' properties and compare the results. Sensors will record the rare interactions between neutrinos and the nuclei of argon atoms, unveiling the neutrinos' properties. Huge refrigeration chambers, similar to those used on ships that transport liquid gas, will keep the argon at minus 303 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 186 degrees Celsius). The LBNE detector at Sanford Lab will use more than 10,000 tons of liquid argon to catch the neutrinos. The lab hosts several physics, biology, geology and engineering experiments, including investigations of neutrinos and dark matter. The lab is located at the former Homestake gold mine, the site of the Nobel Prize-winning Ray Davis solar neutrino experiment. Start on the prairieĪ large particle detector to be built at the Sanford Lab will receive the neutrino and antineutrino beams. The collaboration continues to grow, and project leaders seek and anticipate further international participation. They come from universities and national laboratories in the United States, India, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom. More than 350 scientists and engineers from more than 60 institutions have joined the LBNE collaboration so far. The LBNE experiment will send beams of neutrinos and antineutrinos from the Department of Energy's Fermilab, 40 miles west of Chicago, to the Sanford Lab in the Black Hills of South Dakota. If so, how strong is the effect? Scientists designed the LBNE experiment to discover the answer. Scientists know that neutrino interactions also could violate matter–antimatter symmetry. But the observed effect in quark interactions is not of the right kind to explain the abundance of matter over antimatter in our universe. So far, quarks are the only known particles that violate this fundamental symmetry. If they do, physicists will be a step closer to answering the puzzling question of why the universe is filled with matter while antimatter all but disappeared after the big bang. Scientists are now proceeding with the engineering design of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment, which aims to discover whether neutrinos violate the fundamental matter–antimatter symmetry of physics. The US Department of Energy has approved the conceptual design of a new experiment that will be a major test of our current understanding of neutrinos and their mysterious role in the universe.
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